La Revista Científica Odontológica es publicada por la Carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur. Incluye artículos originales, artículos de revisión, reportes de casos, protocolos de investigación, artículos especiales y cartas al editor. Publica temas de salud estomatológica en sus diferentes especialidades con el fin de mejorar de la salud del país y la región.
Carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur
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MULTIPLE EXPLANTATION, LOW-POWER LASER, AND VITAMIN B COMPLEX IN THE TREATMENT OF MANDIBULAR PARESTHESIA AND DYSESTHESIA: CASE REPORT
Neurosensory disorders (ND) following the placement of dental implants (DI) in the posterior mandibular region are a potential complication due to their proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Paresthesia and dysesthesia are the most commonly reported symptoms, affecting quality of life and requiring an effective therapeutic approach. This case report describes the management of ND using adjunctive laser therapy (LT) combined with B-complex vitamins (B-Vit). A 57-year-old female patient presented with persistent hypoesthesia and spontaneous episodes of electric shock-like sensations after the placement of three dental implants in the posterior right mandibular region. Clinical examination confirmed a lack of soft tissue sensation and pain rated 8/10 on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at the depth of the sulcus. Tomographic imaging revealed compression of the IAN by all three DI. A diagnosis of paresthesia with dysesthesia secondary to nerve compression was established. With informed consent, the dental implants were explanted, followed by guided bone regeneration. As adjunctive therapy, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at wavelengths of 650 nm and 976 nm was applied, along with B-Vit administered every 8 hours for 15 days. By the third session, the patient reported recovered sensation and a pain score of 0/10 on the VAS, leading to the conclusion of treatment. Subsequent tomographic imaging showed the bone neoformation. This case suggests that the combination of LLLT with B-Vit may serve as an adjunctive therapeutic alternative for the management of dysesthesia and paresthesia following the explantation of implants compressing the IAN.
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RELATIONSHIP AMONG FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND CARIOGENIC POTENTIAL IN EARLY CHILDHOOD. A REVIEW
Introduction: Feeding behavior encompasses a set of individual and group actions related to food use and consumption. Analyzing these dietary patterns serves a crucial tool for obtaining precise and relevant data to assess the dental and nutritional status of a population. We aimed to examine the relationship between dietary behaviors and their cariogenic potential in early childhood through a narrative review of scientific literature published among 2017 and 2024. Materials and Methods: Medline, LILACS, and ScienceDirect databases were searched using Boolean operators to combine search terms and filter results by meta-analyses, systematic reviews, observational studies, case studies, randomized controlled trials, and cross-sectional studies. Of the 106 articles retrieved, we included 9, because those met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results highlighted the need to promote proper nutrition from early life to prevent dental diseases in children. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of fostering oral health care, including correct brushing techniques, among both parents and caregivers. Conclusion: We concluded that oral health education is a cornerstone for addressing this significant public health issue.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL CRANIOFACIAL DIFFERENCES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE
Introduction: Craniofacial congenital differences (CCDs) impact vital functions and have psychosocial implications. Early diagnosis is crucial to optimize prognosis and quality of life. Objective To analyze the current evidence on the early diagnosis of CCDs, identifying effective methodologies and gaps in knowledge. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search included 25 studies published between January 2020 and June 2025, covering a variety of designs, such as cohort studies, diagnostic accuracy studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The consulted databases were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and Cochrane Library. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers to ensure the reliability of the information. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using specific tools: QUADAS-2 for diagnostic accuracy studies, RoB 2.0 or RCTs, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies. Finally, the overall certainty of evidence was determined using the GRADE rating system. Results: Prenatal ultrasound showed 75% sensitivity and 98% specificity for cleft lip and palate. Fetal MRI achieved 90% sensitivity and 97% specificity for complex CCDs. Prenatal methods allowed for earlier diagnosis (mean 24 weeks of gestation) and facilitated clinical planning. Evidence of the long-term impact on functional/aesthetic prognosis was limited (very low GRADE). Adverse effects were minimal. Conclusions: Prenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI are useful for the early diagnosis of CCDs, improving clinical management. Rigorous research is needed, especially longitudinal studies, to evaluate long-term prognosis and address global disparities.
NEED FOR ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT AND SELF-PERCEPTION IN PATIENTS CHILDREN FACULTY OF DENTISTRY OF UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL NORDESTE
Objective: to analyze the need for orthodontic treatment and its relationship with self-perception in children with mixed dentition patients of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of the Northeast. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted. For the clinical examination, a fact sheet was presented to the parents and/or guardians of the procedures and objectives of the work signing an informed consent and assent by the patients to be evaluated. The clinical examination was carried out by a single examiner trained for this purpose. All selected patients were given an Orthodontic Treatment Need Index. The analysis of the data was done using the statistical software InfoStat version 2021. Results: 163 patients have been evaluated, 50% correspond to the female gender and 50% to the male sex. Patients were aged between 6 and 11 years, with an average of 7.5 years and a standard deviation of 1.32 years. The Independence test was performed by (χ2), we worked with a significance level p = 0.05. between the dental health component of the IOTN and self-perception of the dental aesthetics given by the Aesthetic component of the IOTN, where a correlation between both variables could not be determined. Conclusions: no relationship was found between the need for orthodontic treatment and self-perception in children with mixed dentition patients from the Faculty of Dentistry of the UNNE.
ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS AND DENTAL CARIES IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION OF RURAL COMMUNITIES IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Introduction: Dental caries and nutritional alterations are common in childhood, particularly in rural communities with limited access to health services. Objective: To determine the association between anthropometric indicators and the presence of dental caries in children aged 5 to 11 years from selected rural communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 116 children from Llaylla, Pampa Hermosa, and Belén (Satipo, Junín). Body mass index for age (BMI/A), abdominal circumference for age (AC/A), and height for age (H/A) were assessed according to WHO and MINSA standards. Dental caries was evaluated using the DMFT/dmft index and the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries (pufa/PUFA). Associations between anthropometric variables and dental caries were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Children with overweight/obesity had a higher risk of caries in permanent dentition (OR=3.875) and a lower risk in primary dentition (OR=0.539). Those with high or very high risk according to AC/A showed OR=0.968 in permanent dentition and OR=0.864 in primary dentition. Children with low height for age (H/A) presented OR=1.319 in permanent dentition and OR=1.757 in primary dentition. All associations were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Dental caries is highly prevalent among Amazonian children. Anthropometric indicators were not significantly associated with caries, suggesting the influence of other factors such as diet and access to dental care.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH ORAL HEALTH LITERACY IN ADULTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Objective: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics associated with oral health literacy (OHL) in Peruvian adults attending a public health center in Lima. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 384 Peruvian adults aged 19 to 64 who visited a health center in Metropolitan Lima. OHL was measured using the Peruvian version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry-14 (HeLD-14) score. Sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, age, place of residence, number of children, health insurance status, educational level, occupation, and monthly income, were collected. Bivariate analysis was performed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests, while multivariate analysis was conducted using the linear regression model with a significance level of 5%. Results: The average OHL score was 48.60 ± 6.89. Literacy was higher in women (p = 0.004) and among those with higher incomes (p = 0.002). Conversely, literacy decreased with increasing age (p = 0.022) and number of children (p = 0.033). In the adjusted model, an association was found with being female (β = 0.097, p = 0.001), younger age (β = -0.003, p = 0.015), and a monthly income greater than five minimum wages (β = 0.100, p = 0.025). Conclusion: OHL in an adult population in an urban area tends to be high and is associated with sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, and monthly income.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PERCEPTION OF RADIOLOGICAL RISKS AND USE OF RADIOLOGY-INFORMED CONSENT AMONG PERUVIAN DENTISTS
Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude, and perception of radiological risks and the use of informed consent in oral and maxillofacial radiology among dentists working at the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM). Materials and Methods: The design of this study was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. A 25-item multiple-choice questionnaire was developed using Google Forms. The first section presented sociodemographic data, and the second section presented the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and perception of radiological risks and the use of informed consent (IC) in oral and maxillofacial radiology. Eighty-nine teaching professionals were included in the analysis. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis, with a significance level of p≤ 0.05. Results: The level of knowledge was found to be high (76.40%) and medium (23.60%) in the sample; however, only questions related to the organ requiring radiographic protection and knowledge of the principles of radiation protection were statistically different according to academic degree and years of clinical experience, respectively (p≤0.05). With regard to attitude and perception, most participants always or very frequently use lead aprons (62.93%) and thyroid collars (42.70%) on their patients, while only perception showed significant differences according to academic degree and clinical entity in which they work (p≤0.05). Conclusions: The results offer a representative view of the knowledge, practices, and perceptions that could be present in other educational and clinical settings. These could raise awareness among dentists, promote the use of IC in dental radiology, and guide training interventions, institutional policies, and regulatory frameworks.
MUCOGINGIVAL PARAMETERS OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH IN PERUVIAN DENTAL STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Objective: To determine the mucogingival parameters of the maxillary anterior teeth in Peruvian dental students, including the width of keratinized gingiva, gingival phenotype, interdental papilla height, and gingival zenith position. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 128 randomly selected dental students from a private university in Lima, Peru. Prior to data collection, a pilot study and examiner calibration were performed. Mucogingival parameters were clinically assessed using a North Carolina periodontal probe. Measurements were analyzed by tooth type, sex, and age using the Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, Friedman test, and Dunn’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: The mean width of keratinized gingiva ranged from 4.99 mm to 5.29 mm, and the height of the interdental papilla ranged from 3.99 mm to 4.41 mm. A thick gingival phenotype was observed in 83.6% of participants. Gingival zenith deviation from the midline ranged from 0.15 mm to 0.18 mm. No statistically significant differences in mucogingival parameters were found by sex or age. Conclusion: Mucogingival parameters showed notable individual variability among young Peruvian dental students, with no significant influence of sex or age. These values may serve as clinical reference points for periodontal assessment in the esthetic zone. Clinical relevance highlighted that population-specific data on mucogingival characteristics can improve diagnostic accuracy and support personalized treatment planning. These findings contribute to clinical decision-making and future research in periodontology and esthetic dentistry.
AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF IMPACTED WISDOM TEETH AMONG NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS IN SALEM: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Introduction: Impacted teeth may sometimes be asymptomatic but can also be associated with serious complications such as infections, cysts, or tumors. The common symptoms of impacted teeth include pain, swelling, and/or trismus (difficulty opening the mouth). Despite the potential for complications, public awareness of impacted teeth is low. Thus, this research aims to assess the awareness and consequences of impacted teeth among non-medical students. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among non-medical students in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. A validated standard questionnaire was prepared in English with multiple-choice and yes or no questions. The survey was conducted online, and the validated questionnaire with an appended informed consent form was sent via Google Form application. The questionnaire consisted of questions about awareness of and the consequences of impacted teeth. The responses of the participants were recorded and analyzed for completeness. Incomplete forms were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test for categorical variables, and the Mann–Whitney U test for group comparisons. Normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests. Results: There were 207 (53.5%) males and 180 (46.5%) females. Of the study participants, 254 participants (65.6%) were unaware of impacted teeth, while 133 (34.4%) reported being aware. Even though females were fewer in number compared to males, they were more aware of the impacted wisdom teeth. Awareness was significantly higher among Arts and Science students compared to Engineering students (Chisquare test, p = 0.032). The study population was primarily between the ages of 17 and 25. The mean age was 20 years. Additionally, about 31% of participants were familiar with the time of eruption of wisdom teeth, indicating a moderate level of awareness among this group regarding a specific type of impacted tooth. This highlights the need for greater educational efforts to increase awareness about impacted teeth in the general population. Conclusion: The present study indicates that only 34.4% of the non-medical students were aware of wisdom teeth but were unaware of the complications of impacted teeth. Hence, a better awareness of impacted teeth and the associated problems should be created among non-medical students.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PERIODONTAL DISEASE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HEALTH AND OTHER FIELDS. A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY
Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD), which includes conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis, affects between 20% and 50% of the global population and is one of the leading causes of tooth loss. This condition compromises functions such as mastication, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about periodontal disease among university students from health and non-health programs at a private university in Peru. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 388 students (192 from health-related programs and 196 from non-health-related programs). A self-administered 15-item questionnaire was used to assess knowledge in three areas: periodontal health (7 items), oral hygiene (4 items), and sociodemographic data (4 items). The validity of the instrument was supported by a KMO index of 0.65 and a significant Bartlett's sphericity test (p<0.001). Reliability was determined using McDonald’s omega coefficient (0.615). Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and multiple linear regression, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 53.6% of participants reported brushing their teeth three times a day, with this practice being more common among non-health students (p<0.001). Regarding knowledge of PD, 72.7% demonstrated a low level of knowledge, with no significant differences by sex (p=0.39) or academic area (p=0.29). Only 1% exhibited a high level of knowledge. Conclusion: The evaluated university students showed a low level of knowledge about periodontal disease, highlighting the need to integrate oral health content into university curricula in a cross-cutting and multidisciplinary manner.
DIGITAL DENTISTRY AS A NEW CULTURE OF LEARNING AND PRACTICE
Dentistry has experienced a profound digital transformation in recent years. Each year brings new technological advances, and keeping pace with them can be a demanding task. Three-dimensional workflows, digital scanners, and CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided design and manufacturing) systems are now part of daily clinical reality. However, the true challenge is not only to adopt new tools but to educate professionals capable of critical thinking and sound decision-making. Diagnosis, planning, and daily practice have also evolved. Today, digital systems play a central role in education because they allow students to practice procedures before treating real patients (1). Reports from the FDI World Dental Federation and the World Health Organization highlight that digital transformation is more than a technical change; it represents a new way of understanding access and equity in modern dentistry (2,3).
MINIMALLY INVASIVE FUNCTIONAL AESTHETIC RECONTOURING THROUGH SELECTIVE ENAMEL REDUCTION. A CASE REPORT
Aesthetic dentistry is increasingly in demand by patients, in some cases, minimal modifications to the size, shape, or proportions of teeth are required, for which there are mainly direct or indirect additive techniques. Similarly, conservative dentistry seeks to meet aesthetic and functional objectives with minimal intervention. This clinical case describes a minimally invasive functional aesthetic recontouring with selective reduction of the enamel of the anterior teeth to optimize the aesthetic results of a 30-year-old male patient who consulted for an aesthetic improvement in the appearance of his smile. This technique offers advantages such as immediate results with aesthetic and functional benefits that can be considered economical and safe compared to conventional methods.
PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA. A SERIES OF CASES
Objective: To report a series of three cases diagnosed with peripheral ossifying fibroma. Materials and Methods: Three clinical cases are presented of patients with exophytic lesions who underwent excisional biopsy with bone debridement and, in specific cases, extraction of associated teeth. Results: the three cases were diagnosed as peripheral ossifying fibromas, subsequent to the determination of histopathological findings consistent with the diagnosis, such as the presence of fibrous tissue, bone deposits and calcified material. After 1 year of follow-up, no recurrence was observed in any of the patients. Conclusions: these cases highlight the importance of adequate surgical removal, including safety margins, along with rigorous postoperative follow-up and control of local irritants; In order to prevent recurrence of the injury, and ensuring the functional and aesthetic integrity of the affected tissues.
ASSOCIATION OF CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION, NICOTINE DERIVATIVES AND CANNABIS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE. A REVIEW
Background: Tobacco use is considered one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide. Scientific evidence shows that smoking is associated with serious and chronic diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, head, neck and lung cancers, as well as oral diseases, including periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association between tobacco, nicotine derivatives, cannabis consumption and periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was performed based on studies collected in the Medline, Scopus and SciELO databases, considering those studies involving the adult population. Results: screening and synthesis of the available information was performed by two reviewers working independently. Five hundred and nineteen articles were reviewed, while 39 were finally selected; including cross-sectional studies, randomized clinical trials, mendelian randomization studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, longitudinal studies, and in vitro studies. Conclusion: The current study concluded that there is an association between periodontal disease and the consumption of tobacco, nicotine derivatives, and cannabis based on the available evidence. Future studies should evaluate and place major emphasis on the association of cannabis with periodontal disease, as the evidence is limited compared to other type of drugs.
ACCURACY OF INTEGRATED APEX LOCATORS IN ENDODONTIC MOTORS ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF FILE USED: COMPARISON BETWEEN MANUAL AND MECHANIZED FILES
Objectives: This pilot in vitro analytical observational study evaluated the accuracy of three apex locators—Root ZX mini (Morita), Endo Radar Plus (Woodpecker), and Endo Motor SCM-011 (Fanta)—in determining root canal length, comparing measurements obtained using manual and mechanized files against a reference value obtained through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Sixty permanent human teeth were randomly distributed into three groups according to the apex locator used. Root canal length was measured with manual files (without motor) and with mechanized files driven by endodontic motors with integrated apex locator functionality. Absolute errors were calculated in relation to the reference value, and statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test and ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: Manual files showed a lower mean absolute error (0.253 mm) than mechanized files (0.423 mm), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001). Among the apex locators, when using manual files, Endo Radar exhibited higher absolute errors compared to Root ZX mini (p = 0.021) and Endo Motor SCM-011 (p = 0.004), with no significant differences between Root ZX mini and Endo Motor SCM-011 (p = 1.000). With mechanized files, the error rates were similar across the three devices (p = 0.768). Conclusion: Manual files provided more accurate root length measurements than mechanized ones. The Root ZX mini and Endo Motor SCM-011 showed greater accuracy when used with manual files. These preliminary findings highlight the influence of file type and activation mode of the apex locator on the accuracy of root length determination.
SEQUENTIAL EXPLORATION UNEARTHS SOCIAL MEDIA TO INFLUENCE THE PERSONA OF PRACTICING PEDIATRIC DENTISTS
Background: The pediatric dentist's personality is subject to change owing to cultural, social, and technological changes. To achieve a successful treatment delivery, it is crucial to understand which aspect of a pedodontist's personality influences their clinical practice. Aim: This study aimed to explore the most influential factor that affects a pediatric dentist's personality. Methodology: This study used the mixed-methods sequential exploration technique. The qualitative phase included a semistructured interview (n=13) based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model. Weightage analysis identified social media as the most common theme among the responses. A quantitative phase then followed wherein responses from a validated questionnaire (n=343) based on the technology acceptance model tested whether social media influenced a pediatric dentist's personality. Results: The inter-rater reliability using Krippendorff's Alpha in the qualitative phase was 0.82, indicating a strong agreement for theme identification (social media). The responses were grouped based on the participants' age: Group I (n=64; age <30 years), Group II (n=186; age 31-50), Group III (n=93; age >51 years). Intergroup comparison using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences across questions related to perceived usefulness (n=3), perceived ease of use (n=3), attitude towards use (n=2), behavioral intention to use (n=1), and actual use (n=2). Post hoc analysis, conducted using Mann-Whitney U-tests, revealed significant variations in responses between Group 1 & Group 2, and between Group 1 & Group 3. Conclusion: Across various age groups, social media does influence a pediatric dentist's personality and is a key aspect of E-Professionalism.
SATISFACTION LEVEL OF USERS SERVED AT THE DENTAL OFFICE OF A HOSPITAL IN CAJAMARCA, PERU: 2024 - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the level of satisfaction of each of the patients seen in the dentistry office of the Cajamarca Regional Teaching Hospital during the year 2024. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional methodology was used, and a simple randomized probabilistic design was used to select the sample, with 340 participants. As for data acquisition, the SERVQUAL measurement instrument modified for the dental office was used. Results: Regarding the satisfaction of users treated in the dental service, 39.4% were dissatisfied, 34.4% were satisfied, and 26.2% were satisfied. Conclusion: The results revealed a significant level of dissatisfaction, reflected at 39.4%, underscoring the need to continuously optimize service quality to maintain high levels of satisfaction.
OCCLUSAL CONTACT AREA CHANGES WITH DIFFERENT RETENTION PROTOCOLS USING T-SCAN III: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Introduction: The retention phase in orthodontics is essential for maintaining corrected occlusion and preventing relapse. Clear retainers like Essix are popular for their aesthetics and affordability, but their occlusal coverage might impact anterior and posterior contacts. Modified versions, such as Occless Essix, have been introduced to address these concerns. The aim of this study was to compare occlusal changes over time between Essix and Occless Essix retainers using the T-scan III system. Materials and Methods: This analytical observational study involved 30 orthodontic patients treated with MBT 0.022-inch brackets and first premolar extractions. Patients were divided into two groups: one with Essix retainers and the other with Occless Essix retainers. Occlusal contacts and their intensities in anterior and posterior regions were recorded immediately after debonding (T0) and three months later (T1) using the T-scan III system. Statistical analysis used Mann-Whitney, T-test, and Chi-square tests, with significance set at 5%. Results: After three months, the Occless Essix group showed increased posterior contact intensity and a slight decrease in anterior contact intensity. Conversely, the Essix group had increased anterior contact intensity and decreased posterior contact intensity. These changes were not statistically significant (P=0.17). The Occless Essix group had an increased number of posterior occlusal contacts and a decreased number of anterior contacts, while the Essix group showed a slight increase in anterior contacts. These changes were not statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between Essix and Occless Essix retainers regarding changes in occlusal force intensities or the number of occlusal contacts after three months.
PERICERVICAL DENTIN PRESERVATION: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE RECIPROCATING SYSTEMS
Introduction: Endodontic treatment aims to disinfect and shape root canals through controlled wear of their walls. Selecting the appropriate rotary system is essential for preserving pericervical dentin. To compare pericervical dentin wear produced by three reciprocating Objective: systems (WaveOne Gold, One Reci, and Reciproc Blue). Methodology: An in vitro experimental study was conducted using 30 single-rooted premolars, randomly distributed into three groups of 10 teeth each. Tomographic evaluations were performed before and after instrumentation, measuring mesial, distal, palatal/lingual, and buccal surfaces at 4 mm from the cemento-enamel junction. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the three systems, with Dunn's post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons (significance level p<0.05). Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the distal sector (p=0.005), with One Reci causing the least wear (0.05±0.02mm) compared to WaveOne Gold (0.21±0.21mm). No significant differences were found in the mesial, buccal, and palatal surfaces. Conclusions: One Reci proved to be the most conservative system for pericervical dentin, suggesting that system selection can significantly impact dental structure preservation during endodontic treatment.
COMPARISON OF TRANSVERSE MANDIBULAR ANATOMY IN CLASS III PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CLEFT LIP AND PALATE
Objective: This study aimed to analyze and compare mandibular anatomy in Class III patients with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP) to assess anatomical differences and their potential impact on fracture risks during orthognathic surgery. Material and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used to analyze 300 hemimandibles from two groups: a control group of non-CLP individuals (n=150) and a CLP group (n=150). Mandibular cross-sectional types were assessed, focusing on height, angulation, and fossa depth in the molar region. Measurements were made at standardized locations to ensure consistency. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests to compare the two groups. Results: The CLP group demonstrated greater mandibular height (mean 25.6 mm) compared to the control group (mean 25.3 mm), although no significant difference was observed between the groups (p > 0.05). Mandibular angulation was also higher in the CLP group (mean 69.99°) than in the control group (mean 66.35°), with a significant difference (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in fossa depth between the two groups, with the CLP group measuring 0.64 mm and the control group 0.51 mm (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that CLP may influence mandibular anatomy, particularly in terms of height and angulation, which could affect surgical approaches in procedures like bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. These anatomical variations should be taken into account to reduce fracture risks and improve surgical outcomes for CLP patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHINUS MOLLE ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS: RESISTANT AND SENSITIVE STRAINS
Objective: The purpose of this research project was to establish the inhibitory effect of the essential oil and ethanolic extract of Schinus molle against Candida albicans resistant strain (ATCC® 60193™) and Candida albicans sensitive strain (ATCC® 90028™). Materials and methods: An in-vitro experimental study was carried out to assess the antimicrobial activity of the formulations of essential oil and ethanolic extract of S. molle at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, against resistant and sensitive Candida albicans. 70% alcohol (negative control) and fluconazole (positive control) were used as controls. Regarding the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were assessed. For the relationship between the type of extract, species of Candida albicans and concentration, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, with a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05). Results: A clinical inhibitory effect was observed at various concentrations for both the oily and ethanolic extracts of Schinus molle. However, statistical analysis indicated that these effects were not significant, except at 100% concentration. The 100% ethanolic extract of S. molle exhibited the highest mean inhibition value against resistant Candida albicans (5.67 ± 4.509), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05, p = 0.038). Nevertheless, its inhibitory effect did not surpass that of fluconazole. Conclusions: The 100% ethanolic extract of S. molle presented a higher inhibitory effect than the other concentrations against resistant Candida albicans. However, its efficacy did not exceed that of fluconazole, which acted as a positive control. Additional studies are recommended to further explore the potential therapeutic benefits and expand the understanding of its antimicrobial potential.
Katherine de los Ángeles Cuenca León Cuenca León
Edisson Mauricio Pacheco Quito Pacheco Quito
READINESS ON DENTAL TRAUMA IN FEDERALLY QUALIFIED HEALTH CENTERS. WHY IT MATTERS?
Dental Trauma refers to injuries to the lips, teeth, gums and supporting bone due to accidents such as falls, injuries, or assaults. (1) Readiness for treating dental trauma is of upmost importance in Federal Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) which serve medically underserved populations, often including children, low-income individuals, and those without regular access to dental care. (2) Although dental trauma may not always be the top priority in primary care settings, its consequences can be severe and long-lasting, particularly when treatment is delayed. (3) For the vulnerable populations, FQHCs often act as the first point of contact for urgent dental needs. (4) Early intervention is critical to preventing complications that may include infection, pain, and even tooth loss. (3)
THE VALUE OF MENTORSHIP IN FOSTERING SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS
Many of us probably associate the terms “mentoring” or “mentorship” with the traditional teacher-student relationship that we experienced at school, or perhaps, to the relationship “boss-employee” at any organization. In any event, the term “mentoring” is generally acknowledged as the involvement of a person with more experience (the mentor), and a less experienced one (the mentee) that needs to be advised in specific areas. Mentoring relationships focus on helping the mentee’s growth and the accomplishment of his/her goals, including several approaches to doing so1,2. A more precise definition can describe mentoring as person-centered, long-term transformational process that requires the establishment of a trustful, respectful and confidential relationship between the mentor and mentee3.
IMPLANT SUPRACRESTAL COMPLEX CONDITIONING THROUGH THE “X TECHNIQUE” TO ACHIEVE AN ENHANCED MUCO-CERVICAL IMPRINT. CASE REPORTS
In dentistry, predictable and successful implant treatments demand a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms related to hard and soft tissue changes. The objective of this case reports is to describe in two patients, the conditioning of the implant supracrestal complex (ISC) through the "X Technique", aiming to achieve an enhanced muco-cervical imprint of an individualized emergence profile conformer, reproducible for the emergence profile of the final prosthetic restoration, safeguarding ISC health with the use of active oxygen/lactoferrin gel (blue®m) and ISC stability with the proposed surgical-prosthetic protocol. The technique involves oblique subperiosteal incisions in an "X" pattern with meticulous tissue manipulation to modify peri-implant mucosa phenotype, enhance the buccal contour, and stimulate papilla formation without resorting to additional mucosal grafts. Clinical significance: The technique described offers a promising approach in obtaining a predictable and reproducible muco-cervical imprint or footprint of the prosthetic emergence profile framed within the ISC. Offering to achieve key parameters such as supracrestal tissue height (STH), ISC integrity, muco-cervical imprint stability and implant mucosa thickness (MT) displaying stability. This underscores the effectiveness of the technique in ensuring the sustained health and aesthetics of peri-implant tissues. Further longterm studies are needed to quantify the benefits of this technique in increasing keratinized tissue width (KTW) and MT effectively.
EFFICACY OF PHOTOBIOMODULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PAIN IN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS: A CASE SERIES STUDY
Introduction: Diode láser photobiomodulation has been applied as a non-invasive technique to treat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms, especially in the relief of acute painful conditions. Objective: To evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation in the management of acute pain and mouth opening in patients with TMJ disorder. Methodology: 12 patients diagnosed according to the “Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network of the International Association for Dental Research and the Special Interest Group were included. in orofacial pain from the International Association for the Study of Pain”, after signing the informed consent. All patients were irradiated using Gemini EVO Ultradent® dual diode láser, using an extraoral irradiation protocol of 0.2W over the TMJ and 1W when the patient reported muscle pain over the symptomatic area, with a total of 6 sessions. Pain intensity was rated using a numerical scale (VAS). Mandibular function was evaluated by the maximum unassisted mandibular opening measured in mm. Data were analyzed using a mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Values p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Pain intensity statistically decreased from 7.52±1.18 to 2.13±1.33 (p<0.001) from the first to the last session. TMJ region showed a reduction in pain from 6.25 ± 2.83 to 1.5 ± 1.50, in the temporalis muscle from 7 ± 1.85 to 1.66 ± 1.30, in the pterygoid from 6.25 ± 2.99 to 1.25 ± 1.15 and, in the masseter 6.83 ± 1.80 to 1.41 ± 1.31. Regarding mouth opening, the function statistically increased from 32.05±4.3mm to 42.66±1.6mm (p<0.001). Conclusions: Pain intensity and mouth opening in patients with TMJ disorder improve substantially after láser photobiomodulation treatments.
ENAMEL MATRIX DERIVATIVE AND ROOT COVERAGE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction: The use of enamel matrix derivative proteins, also known as Emdogain®, has revolutionized clinical practice in dentistry since the 90s. This biomaterial has demonstrated to promote periodontal tissues regeneration lost due to periodontal disease which persists as a public health problem, emerging as an effective alternative in treatments such as non-surgical periodontal therapy, treatment of furcation lesions, intraosseous defects, and more recently, its use has become especially popular in root coverage surgeries. Objective: Evaluate studies in reference to the use of enamel-derived matrix proteins in periodontal treatments, to offer a comprehensive and up-to-date vision of its impact and effectiveness. Materials and Methods: Systematic review was conducted about randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between 2019 and 2024, using databases PubMed and Scopus, considering Clinical measurements performed in the studies. Results: The analyzed studies compared different surgical techniques for the treatment of gingival recessions, focusing on the percentage of root coverage (RC), clinical attachment gain (CAL), increase in gingival thickness (KTW), long-term stability, and postoperative pain (VAS). Conclusion: EMD significantly contributes to improvement of periodontal regeneration and long-term outcomes of root coverage surgeries, results obtained show a lot of variability. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate efficacy in different clinical contexts.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE CRANIOFACIAL COMPLEX INDUCED BY MICROIMPLANT-SUPPORTED SKELETAL EXPANDER – MSE. A REVIEW
Objective: The review aimed to assess the structural changes in the craniofacial complex following maxillary expansion assisted by micro-implants, known as the “Miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expander” (MARPE) in patients with maxillary transverse deficiency. Materials and Methods: The research included a specific type of expander called “Maxillary Skeletal Expander” (MSE) the design features a posteriorly positioned screw aligned with the zygomatic buttress, supported by four micro-implants located paramedial to the midpalatal suture with bicortical engagement of the palatal vault and the nasal floor. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and ScienceDirect) were reviewed until July 2024. Studies reporting skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were selected. The methodology was ensured using the PRISMA checklist. Results: 13 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Regarding skeletal changes, the disjunction in the axial cut is parallel or nearly parallel, both in lineal and angular measurements (the posterior nasal spine represents between 82% and 101% in relation to anterior nasal spine) Two studies report a deviation in the disjunction at the ANS level of 1.1mm (+/- 1mm) in half of the sample, between one side and the other. Parallelism depends on the disarticulation of the pterygopalatine suture. A correlation was reported between bicortical anchorage anc the opening of this suture (P=0.0003) in 55.6% of the evaluated patients. In the coronal cut the expansion is pyramidal with an upper vertex, and the fulcrum would be located at the most external and inferior point of the frontozygomatic suture, allowing a rotation of 0.6° of the zygomaticomaxillary complex for each millimeter of expansion. Regarding dentoalveolar changes, studies find an average buccal inclination of the upper first molars of 3°. Conclusions: Maxillary expansion assisted by micro-implants significantly impacts craniofacial structures. Furthermore, by ensuring orthopedic movements in young and young adult patients, adverse dental and periodontal effects associated with compensatory or non-skeletal expansion are reduced. Further studies on larger populations are required to confirm these effects.
Maxillary expansion assisted by micro-implants
IMMUNOLOGICAL CAUSES OF ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV INFECTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus experience immunodepression due to type C retrovirus, which can lead to various pathologies in the stomatological system. This occurs due to the immunodeficiency exhibited by the host, resulting from alterations in both systemic and oral cells, thus causing a modified immune response. CD4 T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages bind to the virus’s DNA and act as sites for viral replication and reservoir of the disease, and undergo apoptosis. Similarly, other cells of the innate immune system become altered. This immunosuppression leads to opportunistic microorganisms attacking opportunely, altering the oral cavity and presenting periodontal diseases, candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, and others. Methodology: A literature review was conducted to identify relevant information available between 2018 and 2024. Objective: The research aims to describe how immunosuppression of the immune system of a patient with HIV generates oral manifestations. Conclusion: Immunodeficiency occurring in secondary lines of defense is usually the cause of the loss of oral mucosa integrity, barriers such as immunoglobulins, and damage to periodontal tissues or at the epithelial level. These can be caused by virus replication, inflammatory media, and the apoptosis of immune cells.
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Introduction: chikungunya virus was isolated in humans for the first time in 1952 after an epidemic in Tanzania, during 2023 the largest chikungunya epidemic occurred in Paraguay. Objective: to determine the most frequent oral manifestations self-reported by chikungunya-infected patients in a Paraguayan population group. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional observational study was carried out during September and October 2024, with research subjects who suffered from chikungunya. The instrument had two sections: the first covered the study information and sociodemographic data. The second section indicated the presence of any oral manifestation during the course of the disease, the options were catalogued in a dichotomous manner (“yes” or “no”), the subjects who indicated the presence of any oral manifestation also indicated its intensity (“mild”, “moderate” or “severe”). Results: 131 subjects participated; female sex predominated and the average age was 35 years. The three most frequent oral manifestations were gum pain (43.5%), burning sensation in the mouth (41.9%) and the presence of ulcers (31.2%). Oral ulcers were considered the most severe manifestation. Conclusion: the most frequently reported oral manifestations were gum pain, burning sensation and the presence of oral ulcers. In terms of intensity, the most severe oral manifestations were the presence of ulcers, difficulty in chewing and/or swallowing and loss of taste.
INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL DYNAMICS AND CARIES EXPERIENCE AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN IN PERU. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Objective: We aimed to assess the association between household dynamic factors and early childhood caries (ECC) experience, and whether these associations differ based on the extent of dental tissue damage. Materials and methods: We analyzed data from 210 children aged 3-5 years in Callao, Peru, using questionnaires and dental examinations. Household dynamics included house ownership, parental living arrangements, family structure, and family size. ECC experience was assessed by clinically examining decayed, filled, or missing primary teeth, including cavitated and non-cavitated lesions. Covariates included demographic, socio-economic, health behaviours, and access to dental care. Block-wise multivariable regression models with prevalence ratios and 95% CI were used, following STROBE guidelines. Results: Fully adjusted estimates showed that the prevalence of ECC experience was higher among children living in rented accommodations (PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17, 1.41), in single-parent households (PR 1.75, 95% CI 1.61, 1.91), with extended family beside their nuclear family (PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08, 1.29), and sharing the household with at least 4 other members (PR 1.05, 95% CI 0.94, 1.14). Sub-group analysis suggested that family structure and family size were significantly associated with non-cavitated dental lesions, while the association with cavitated dental lesions was stronger when associated with parental living arrangements, after controlling for all covariates. Conclusions: Individual household-level dynamics indicators are associated with the early onset of dental caries among young children in Peru. However, further analysis is required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and other contributing factors of ECC in this study population.