Molecular detection of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza in seabirds from Lima, Peru in 2022

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21142/SH-03-2026-e003

Keywords:

seabirds, avian flu, Latin America, RT-PCR

Abstract

The ongoing global epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) has caused unprecedented mortality in wild birds and poultry since 2021, with sustained transmission documented across North America, Europe, South America, sub-Antarctic islands and Antarctica. In late 2022, the virus was first detected in wild seabirds along the Peruvian coast. In this study, we report the detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus by RT-qPCR in deceased free-living seabirds collected from a beach in Lima, Peru. Viral RNA was identified using validated individual RT-qPCR assays targeting avian influenza A, and the H5 and N1 subtypes. Positive results were obtained from one adult Peruvian pelican (Pelecanus thagus) and one juvenile Inca tern (Larosterna inca), representing the first confirmed cases of H5N1 in wild birds in Peru. These findings provided early evidence of the southward spread of H5N1 into South America and underscore the role of migratory and coastal seabirds in virus dissemination. Given the continued circulation, geographic expansion, and increasing host range of H5N1 in the region, ongoing surveillance integrating wildlife monitoring, genomic characterization, and a One Health approach is essential to assess viral evolution, identify reservoirs, and mitigate potential risks to wildlife and human health.

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Published

2026-05-02

Issue

Section

Brief report