State of knowledge on macroalgae legislation in Peru

Abstract

Macroalgae are aquatic organisms that provide ecosystem services and are used in a variety of industries. The second-biggest producer of macroalgae in America is Peru. However, there is currently no critical synthesis of the legislation pertaining to this resource since the foundation for its establishment more than 20 years ago. This work aimed to compile, systematize, and thematically analyze the legislation and regulations associated with macroalgae resources in Peru until 2023 to facilitate access to updated information on its legislation and provide recommendations applicable to the productive management of the resource. In total, 71 documents were obtained, of which 10 were Supreme Decrees, 52 Ministerial Resolutions and 9 Regional Ordinances. Legal aspects in relation to license and authorization were prevalent among the topics. Most regulations dealt with around brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Historically, regionally issued regulations focused primarily on Ica and Arequipa. Regarding the issue of processing plants, this activity was classified as industrial and adaptation deadlines were established so that the artisanal plants comply with the established technical requirements. Social conflicts, the participation of opportunistic agents, the lack of development of regulations for «emerging» sectors, as well as information gaps in technological, application and taxonomic research were identified as challenges for the development of regulations. Likewise, critical points were identified that require greater attention and reinforcement in the future, considering that this industry is predicted to grow and expand.