Challenges and Oral Health Protocols in Extreme Antarctic Environments: A Policy Proposal for Sustainable Scientific Operations

Abstract

Historically, oral health among Antarctic researchers has received limited attention, despite dental conditions accounting for approximately 10-15% of medical emergencies during polar missions. Extreme environmental exposure, geographic isolation and the consumption of demineralized water produced through reverse osmosis may alter the oral microbiome and increase the risk of disabling oral diseases. In this policy brief, we examine current evidence regarding the accelerated systemic deterioration of oral health during short-term Antarctic stays and propose the institutionalization of a pre-expedition «zero-risk» oral health standard. Recommended measures include the provision of high-fluoride technical kits (5000 ppm), the implementation of tele-dentistry systems, and the integration of biochemical support strategies, in order to preserve operational readiness and reduce the financial burden associated with aeromedical evacuations. These measures also have the potential to strengthen the long-term sustainability and resilience of Antarctic research missions.