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Authorship criteria and contributions
Individuals who do not meet all four criteria should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section. It is the sole responsibility of the research team to ensure that all listed authors meet the ICMJE criteria. In cases of disagreement regarding authorship, the institutions responsible for conducting the research must assess and resolve the matter. Likewise, the order in which authors appear must be determined by mutual agreement among the authors themselves.
In addition, each author must clearly identify their individual contributions to the manuscript using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), available at: https://credit.niso.org/. The following contributor roles are recognized:
To complete this section, the initials of each author (in uppercase letters) should be listed, followed by the specific roles they fulfilled in the development of the manuscript. A single author may have contributed to multiple roles.
If authors request changes to authorship after manuscript submission or publication, whether to add or remove an author or to alter the order of authorship, a formal written justification must be submitted, along with a signed statement from all the authors involved, including the individual whose addition, removal, or repositioning is proposed. The same procedure applies to requests for adding or removing an institutional affiliation.
Corresponding author
Corrections and retractions
Corrections
When significant errors are identified in a published article, a correction is issued. These errors may be brought to the journal’s attention by either the authors or readers, and the editorial team will handle the publication of the correction promptly. Previous versions of the article will be available upon request to the journal.
Retractions
In certain situations, a retraction followed by republication may be necessary when a published article contains substantial errors that could alter its interpretation or require widespread corrections. In these cases, the original article remains accessible but is marked as retracted. The updated version is republished, and a detailed appendix highlighting the changes is provided to allow readers to review the revisions.
While uncommon, retractions play a critical role in maintaining the credibility of the scientific record. They are used to correct the literature and inform readers when an article includes serious mistakes or unreliable data that undermine the validity of its findings and conclusions. These issues may stem from unintentional errors, oversight, or scientific misconduct.
One or more authors typically initiate retractions, but in some cases, the editorial team may also take the lead. Each case is reviewed individually, often with input from independent investigations conducted by the authors' affiliated institutions. Editors are responsible for ensuring that the process is handled transparently and efficiently. All retracted articles remain available online and are clearly marked as retracted to inform readers. All actions will follow the guidance and procedures outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines).
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