Preliminary screening of dry- and wet-recovered starchy fractions from Persea americana and Mangifera indica seeds for bioplastic formulation

Abstract

In this study, we compared dry-recovered starch-rich flour and wet-recovered sedimented starchy fractions from Persea americana Mill. and Mangifera indica L. seeds as a preliminary screening step for bioplastic formulation. The 2 × 2 factorial design included three separately weighed process replicates per treatment; the records did not identify independent biological lots. Recovered fraction yield was calculated relative to the initial as-weighed seed mass, without moisture correction. Wet-recovered mango exhibited the highest yield (27.99 ± 0.01%), followed by dry-recovered mango (19.51 ± 0.01%), dry-recovered avocado (18.51 ± 0.01%) and wet-recovered avocado (11.99 ± 0.01%). Wet-recovered avocado recorded the highest moisture and ash content (21.13 ± 0.76% and 3.25 ± 0.05%). Factorial ANOVA identified seed, method and interaction effects for all responses. The exceptionally high yield fit (R² = 99.9998%; F = 1,294,604) arose from a residual mean square of 0.0001 and within-treatment SD of 0.01. The Brown-Forsythe test supported variance homogeneity, while the Shapiro-Wilk test indicated non-normal residuals for yield and moisture. Exact permutation tests confirmed overall treatment differences (p ≤ 0.000584). Wet-recovered mango is a candidate for further characterization, but does not constitute evidence of film-forming or packaging performance.