Trust is also a citation. Bibliographic hallucination and the ethical challenges of generative artificial intelligence

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21142/DES-1802-2026-e0028

Keywords:

artificial inteligence

Abstract

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Author Biographies

  • Oswaldo Bolo-Varela, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú

    Profesor auxiliar de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos e investigador especializado en memoria cultural, narrativas mediáticas y escritura contemporánea de no ficción en América Latina. Es autor de diversos artículos y capítulos de libro sobre memoria histórica, negacionismo y el fenómeno del terruqueo. Se desempeña como editor general de la revista Letras y editor asociado de Desde el Sur, desde donde impulsa iniciativas editoriales en estudios culturales, memoria y política.

  • Raúl Castro-Pérez, Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú.

    Máster en Communication, Culture and Society por Goldsmiths University of London (2007), y actual doctorando en Comunicación por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Es decano de Comunicación en la Universidad Científica del Sur. Es director de Desde el Sur.

References

Bauchner, H. y Rivara, F. P. (2026). Fabricated references: a new threat to editorial integrity. The Lancet, 407(10541), 1765-1766. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(26)00798-1/abstract

Bhattacharyya, M., Miller, V. M., Bhattacharyya, D. y Miller, L. E. (2023). High Rates of Fabricated and Inaccurate References in ChatGPT-Generated Medical Content. Cureus, 15(5). https://www.cureus.com/articles/158289-high-rates-of-fabricated-and-inaccurate-references-in-chatgpt-generated-medical-content#!/

COPE Council. (2024). COPE position. Authorship and AI. https://doi.org/10.24318/cCVRZBms

Köbis, N., Rahwan, Z., Rilla, R., Supriyatno, B. I., Bersch, C., Ajaj, T., Bonnefon, J.-F. y Rahwan, I. (2025). Delegation to artificial intelligence can increase dishonest behaviour. Nature, 646, 126-134. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09505-x

Koskinen, I. (2023). We Have No Satisfactory Social Epistemology of AI-Based Science. Social Epistemology, 38(4), 458-475. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2023.2286253

Linardon, J., Jarman, H. K., McClure, Z., Anderson, C., Liu, C., Messer, M. (2025). Influence of Topic Familiarity and Prompt Specificity on Citation Fabrication in Mental Health Research Using Large Language Models: Experimental Study. JMIR Mental Health, 12, e80371. https://mental.jmir.org/2025/1/e80371

Llorens-Largo, F. y Molina-Carmona, R. (2026). La verdad y lo veraz: La universidad ante la encrucijada de la IA generativa. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia (RIED), 29(2), 63-80. https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ried/article/view/47174

Topaz, M., Roguin, N., Gupta, P., Zhang, Z. y Peltonen, L.-M. (2026). Fabricated citations: an audit across 2·5 million biomedical papers. The Lancet, 407, 1779-1781. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(26)00603-3/fulltext

Watson, A. P. (2024). Hallucinated Citation Analysis: Delving into Student-Submitted AI-Generated Sources at the University of Mississippi. The Serials Librarian, 85(5-6), 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526X.2024.2433640

Zhao, Z., Wang, Y., Stuart, T., De Vaan, M., Ginsparg, P. y Yin, Y. (2026). LLM hallucinations in the wild: Large-scale evidence from non-existent citations. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.07723

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Published

2026-06-30

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): Cosmological relations among the kukama of the Latin American Amazon

Section

Editorial

License

Creative Commons License
Esta obra está bajo una licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

How to Cite

Trust is also a citation. Bibliographic hallucination and the ethical challenges of generative artificial intelligence. (2026). Desde El Sur, 18(2), e0028. https://doi.org/10.21142/DES-1802-2026-e0028

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