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Ethical responsibilities
For studies involving direct participation of human subjects, it is mandatory to declare that the research protocol was previously reviewed and approved by a Research Ethics Committee. The Editorial Committee reserves the right to request supporting documentation for such approval at any point during the editorial process. However, certain study designs may be exempt from ethics committee approval. These include: i) studies using publicly available secondary data (e.g., systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, or bibliometric analyses); ii) epidemiological surveillance or public health monitoring activities; iii) reports on public health events (e.g., outbreaks or health emergencies); iv) evaluations of ongoing health policies or programs; and v) academic assessments conducted as part of institutional curricular development that do not pose risks to participants.
Authors are encouraged to adhere to internationally recognized ethical standards and guidelines, including: i) the Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (https://surl.li/adyjya); ii) the Statement on Ethical Issues Regarding Health Databases and Biobanks (https://surl.lu/esgwum); iii) the International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans (https://surl.li/wglbud); and iv) the Regulations on Clinical Trials and their updates (https://surl.li/byghpe).
For studies involving animals, authors must comply with the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines (https://arriveguidelines.org/resources) and adhere to relevant regulations, such as: i) The Animal (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (UK) (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1986/14/contents); ii) Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (https://www.boe.es/doue/2010/276/L00033-00079.pdf); and iii) the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals.pdf).
Medical Education & Clinical Practice applies rigorous mechanisms to ensure compliance with good scientific practices and to detect unethical behaviors such as plagiarism, redundant publication, data fabrication or manipulation, and undeclared conflicts of authorship or institutional affiliation. If an ethical breach is suspected, the editorial process will be suspended and an investigation initiated. If misconduct is confirmed, the manuscript will be rejected and the findings reported to the authors’ institutions and funding agencies. If the article has already been published, appropriate corrective measures, such as a correction, editorial note, or retraction, will be issued following a formal review that respects the authors’ right of reply. Confirmed misconduct will be reported to the relevant institutions, including funding bodies, research centers, professional associations, and ethics committees. Editorial decisions in such cases will follow the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (https://publicationethics.org/).
For any questions regarding ethical responsibilities, authors may contact the Editorial Committee at: mecp@cientifica.edu.pe.
Plagiarism, duplicate publication and data fabrication
If the editorial team becomes aware of potential scientific misconduct involving a submitted or published manuscript, such as data fabrication, data falsification, plagiarism, or unethical research conduct, they will initially seek an explanation from the authors. If the concerns remain unresolved, the matter will be referred to the authors’ institution with a request for an independent investigation. Institutions are typically best equipped to conduct these inquiries, given their access to internal records and personnel.
Other forms of unacceptable research behavior, such as undisclosed conflicts of interest, authorship disputes (including omission or inappropriate inclusion of authors), intellectual property conflicts, or inadequate data management, may also warrant further scrutiny.
When allegations involve publication misconduct or questionable publication practices, the editors will usually conduct an internal review. In some cases, the authors' institutions may also be asked to participate in the investigation to ensure a fair and thorough resolution.
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Medical Education & Clinical Practice is licensed under a Creative Commons Internacional (CC BY 4.0).
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