Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A narrative update
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21142/mecp.2026.1.1.e006Keywords:
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Immunotherapy, Janus Kinase Inhibitors, Type I Interferons, Biological ProductsAbstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and driven by complex immunoinflammatory mechanisms, particularly activation of the type I interferon pathway. A subset of patients develops refractory disease, associated with increased symptom burden and significant impairment in quality of life. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using major biomedical databases, including original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and relevant consensus statements. Evidence shows that, in addition to conventional therapies such as photoprotection, antimalarials, and immunosuppressive agents, targeted therapies have emerged with specific mechanisms of action, including Janus kinase inhibitors, type I interferon pathway blockers, and anti-BLyS antibodies, demonstrating efficacy in refractory CLE. These therapeutic advances support a shift toward more personalized treatment strategies, with the potential to improve clinical control and outcomes in patients with resistant disease.
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