From emergence to trace: vaccine hesitancy as informal mobilization on Brazilian Facebook and its impacts on sanitary democracy (2014-2022)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21142/DES-1804-2026-0085

Keywords:

Vaccination, social movement, disinformation, political polarization

Abstract

This article analyzes HPV vaccine hesitancy on Brazilian Facebook. The vaccine, free and scientifically robust, faced growing resistance from 2014 onward, with coverage persistently below target. The objective is to demonstrate that this hesitancy is not an individual information deficit but a form of platform-mediated informal mobilization. Methodologically, the study combines qualitative content analysis and descriptive analysis of engagement metrics across 1,064 publications collected via the Meta Content Library API at three milestones: 2014, 2017, and 2022. Results reveal three phases: initial panic amplified by the mainstream press (2014); politicization linked to the Bolsonarist ecosystem (2017); and demobilization on the platform (2022). It concludes that, although the debate has subsided on Facebook, its effects on low vaccination coverage persist as lasting traces for sanitary democracy.

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Author Biographies

  • Anna Teixeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito. Vitória, Brasil

    Maestranda en Salud Colectiva, con énfasis en Políticas, Planificación y Gestión en Salud (UFES). Licenciada en Ciencias Sociales (UFES). Becaria de CAPES y del Ibict, actuando en el proyecto DNA (SVSA/Ministerio de Salud de Brasil). Sus intereses de investigación incluyen salud pública, plataformas digitales, desinformación y hesitación vacunal. 

  • Lucas Bragança, Universidade Federal do Espírito. Vitória, Brasil

    Investigador posdoctoral en el Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Imagen y Cibercultura (Labic/UFES). Doctor en Comunicación (UFF) y magíster en Comunicación y Territorialidades (UFES). Becario del Ibict, actuando en el proyecto DNA (SVSA/Ministerio de Salud de Brasil). Investiga cibercultura, redes digitales y la circulación de discursos en plataformas.

  • Carolinny Scardua, Universidade Federal do Espírito. Vitória, Brasil

    Maestranda en Ciencias Sociales (UFES) y licenciada en Ciencias Sociales (UFES). Investigadora del Núcleo de Participación y Democracia (NUPAD) y becaria de la Fundación de Amparo a la Investigación e Innovación de Espírito Santo (FAPES). Sus intereses abarcan participación política, democracia y movimientos sociales.

  • Francis Sodré, Universidade Federal do Espírito. Vitória, Brasil

    Profesora doctora en la UFES, actuando en el Programa de Posgrado en Salud Colectiva. Investigadora asociada al Labic. Especialista en políticas sociales, desigualdades y procesos de trabajo en salud.

  • Rosane Zanotti, Universidade Federal do Espírito. Vitória, Brasil

    Profesora doctora en el Departamento de Comunicación Social (UFES). Doctora y magíster en Diseño (PUC-Rio), con estancia doctoral en la Universidad Abierta (Portugal) como becaria CAPES. Especialista en Marketing.

  • Fabio Goveia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Vitória, Brasil

    Profesor doctor en el Departamento de Comunicación Social y en el Poscom (UFES). Subcoordinador e investigador del Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Imagen y Cibercultura (Labic). Especialista en métodos digitales, estudios de plataformas, visualización de datos y cultura digital.

  • Fabio Malini, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Vitória, Brasil

    Profesor doctor en el Departamento de Comunicación Social y en el Poscom (UFES). Coordinador del Laboratorio de Estudios sobre Imagen y Cibercultura (Labic). Especialista en ciencia de datos, redes sociales digitales, visualización de datos y cibercultura.

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Published

2026-10-29

How to Cite

From emergence to trace: vaccine hesitancy as informal mobilization on Brazilian Facebook and its impacts on sanitary democracy (2014-2022). (2026). Desde El Sur, 18(4), e0085. https://doi.org/10.21142/DES-1804-2026-0085