Impact of acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the microbiome and oral lesions: scoping review

Abstract

Objective: To describe the existing knowledge about the alterations of the MBO and the presence of LO in patients with ALL. Material and Method: An electronic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo, and Academic Google databases, and descriptive, analytical, and observational articles on MBO, LO, and LLA were included. 642 articles were evaluated, duplicate articles, case reports, and those where they only reported changes during or after chemotherapy treatment were eliminated. Results: 10 articles were evaluated and published between 1997 and 2021, 4 articles agreed that the MBO of patients with LLA was found in dysbiosis showing a significant increase in firmicutes, bacillus, and opportunistic bacteria such as Moraxella spp, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Enterobacter spp, Acinetobacter spp, andE. coli, the most frequent LO reported in 5 articles were spontaneous gingival bleeding, gingivitis, and ulcers. Conclusions: The oral cavity of patients with ALL is in dysbiosis and associated OL is identified. It is necessary to establish preventive strategies with a niche-ecological approach to restore the MBO, to reduce the risk of opportunistic infections and other LO during chemotherapy treatment