ASSOCIATION OF CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION, NICOTINE DERIVATIVES AND CANNABIS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE. A REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21142/Keywords:
Cannabis, cigarette smoking, periodontal disease, electronic nicotine delivery systemsAbstract
Background: Tobacco use is considered one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide. Scientific evidence shows that smoking is associated with serious and chronic diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, head, neck and lung cancers, as well as oral diseases, including periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association between tobacco, nicotine derivatives, cannabis consumption and periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was performed based on studies collected in the Medline, Scopus and SciELO databases, considering those studies involving the adult population. Results: screening and synthesis of the available information was performed by two reviewers working independently. Five hundred and nineteen articles were reviewed, while 39 were finally selected; including cross-sectional studies, randomized clinical trials, mendelian randomization studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, longitudinal studies, and in vitro studies. Conclusion: The current study concluded that there is an association between periodontal disease and the consumption of tobacco, nicotine derivatives, and cannabis based on the available evidence. Future studies should evaluate and place major emphasis on the association of cannabis with periodontal disease, as the evidence is limited compared to other type of drugs.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional.