El principio de precaución en la arquitectura del negacionismo climático: una lectura crítica desde Cass Sunstein
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21142/DES-1704-2025-0091Palabras clave:
Principio de Precaución, Cass Sunstein, Cambio Climático, Desinformación, Negacionismo, Sesgos Cognitivos, Política ClimáticaResumen
Este artículo analiza críticamente la parálisis política ante la crisis climática, utilizando el marco teórico de Cass Sunstein para examinar cómo el principio de precaución es instrumentalizado por el negacionismo. Se demuestra que los discursos negacionistas y retardistas explotan sesgos cognitivos clave, como la «heurística de la disponibilidad» y la «negligencia de la probabilidad», al contrastar los costos tangibles de la mitigación con los beneficios abstractos de un clima estable y al descartar escenarios catastróficos por «alarmistas». Estos sesgos se amplifican socialmente mediante «cascadas de disponibilidad» y polarización grupal. En conclusión, se argumenta la necesidad de abandonar formulaciones ingenuas del principio de precaución y adoptar enfoques más robustos, como el «principio anti-catástrofe» y el análisis de costo-beneficio, para construir una política climática coherente y resiliente a la manipulación.
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